Egyptian funerary religion
Thoth
Thoth is associated with Hermopolis, learning, and the authorship of the funerary book. Tirard recounts his assistance to Isis and his role in securing Osiris’s triumph over adversaries. At the balance he verifies the weighing and records its result. His writing equipment and speech connect knowledge with an effective defense of the deceased, not simply with the storage of information.
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In the sources
Principal account
TraditionalThoth is associated with Hermopolis, learning, and the authorship of the funerary book. Tirard recounts his assistance to Isis and his role in securing Osiris’s triumph over adversaries.
Further detail
TraditionalAt the balance he verifies the weighing and records its result. His writing equipment and speech connect knowledge with an effective defense of the deceased, not simply with the storage of information.
Context & interpretation
Tirard’s 1910 account interprets selected funerary texts and rituals through the scholarship of her period. Local cults and surviving manuscripts vary; her comparisons and proposed origins are not a modern Egyptological consensus.
Original passages
Source 1
The Book of the Dead
the Book of the Dead, is the god of letters and of learning, and may be a form of Shu, the god of the air. The divineOpen this page in the book
Passage & edition details
Location recorded at citation review: Egyptian funerary religion; active reader leaf 109
Exact passage checked against active scan text and original-leaf mapping; scan line breaks normalised.
- Edition
- IMJ-0039-E001
- Reader page
- IMJ-0039-E001-P0109
- Original scan leaf
- 119
- Recorded leaf number
- 109
- Current Reader position
- 102
- Reader verification
- Matches the reviewed Reader
- Location review
- Original scan location confirmed against the reviewed Reader mapping; the earlier recorded number is retained above.
Source 2
The Book of the Dead
Thoth, the god of wisdom, to verify the weighingOpen this page in the book
Passage & edition details
Location recorded at citation review: Egyptian funerary religion; active reader leaf 146
Exact passage checked against active scan text and original-leaf mapping; scan line breaks normalised.
- Edition
- IMJ-0039-E001
- Reader page
- IMJ-0039-E001-P0146
- Original scan leaf
- 156
- Recorded leaf number
- 146
- Current Reader position
- 137
- Reader verification
- Matches the reviewed Reader
- Location review
- Original scan location confirmed against the reviewed Reader mapping; the earlier recorded number is retained above.
Continue exploring
Isis
The protective mother and mourner who searches for Osiris’s scattered body and appeals for the healing of Horus.
Shared source pageAnubis
Guardian of the mummy and guide into the judgment hall.
Same subject and traditionAtum
The self-emerging creator called Tum by Tirard, rising from primordial water in the Heliopolitan creation account.
Same subject and traditionGeb
Earth god named Keb in the scanned funerary account.
Same subject and traditionHathor
Goddess associated with sustenance and a varying divine company.