Egyptian funerary religion
Ennead of Heliopolis
Tirard’s Heliopolitan list names Tum, Shu, Tafnut, Keb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys. The grouping joins the emergence of the sun, earth and sky to the Osirian family. She notes substitutions in other lists, including Horus for Set and Hathor for Nephthys. The divine company is a framework that surviving texts adapt, rather than proof of a single uniform Egyptian system.
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In the sources
Principal account
TraditionalTirard’s Heliopolitan list names Tum, Shu, Tafnut, Keb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys. The grouping joins the emergence of the sun, earth and sky to the Osirian family.
Further detail
TraditionalShe notes substitutions in other lists, including Horus for Set and Hathor for Nephthys. The divine company is a framework that surviving texts adapt, rather than proof of a single uniform Egyptian system.
Context & interpretation
Tirard’s 1910 account interprets selected funerary texts and rituals through the scholarship of her period. Local cults and surviving manuscripts vary; her comparisons and proposed origins are not a modern Egyptological consensus.
Original passages
Source 1
The Book of the Dead
Heliopolis the gods were formed into an Ennead, or company of nine ; the oldest list of these nine gods is found in the pyramid texts,Open this page in the book
Passage & edition details
Location recorded at citation review: Egyptian funerary religion; active reader leaf 103
Exact passage checked against active scan text and original-leaf mapping; scan line breaks normalised.
- Edition
- IMJ-0039-E001
- Reader page
- IMJ-0039-E001-P0103
- Original scan leaf
- 113
- Recorded leaf number
- 103
- Current Reader position
- 96
- Reader verification
- Matches the reviewed Reader
- Location review
- Original scan location confirmed against the reviewed Reader mapping; the earlier recorded number is retained above.
Source 2
The Book of the Dead
of Abydos. In some other lists the god Set is replaced by Horus, and the goddess Nephthys by Hathor. Keb and Nut, the earth and the sky,Open this page in the book
Passage & edition details
Location recorded at citation review: Egyptian funerary religion; active reader leaf 103
Exact passage checked against active scan text and original-leaf mapping; scan line breaks normalised.
- Edition
- IMJ-0039-E001
- Reader page
- IMJ-0039-E001-P0103
- Original scan leaf
- 113
- Recorded leaf number
- 103
- Current Reader position
- 96
- Reader verification
- Matches the reviewed Reader
- Location review
- Original scan location confirmed against the reviewed Reader mapping; the earlier recorded number is retained above.
Continue exploring
Geb
Earth god named Keb in the scanned funerary account.
Shared source pageHathor
Goddess associated with sustenance and a varying divine company.
Same subject and traditionNu: Primordial Water
The primordial water in Tirard’s creation account, from which light emerges and to which the ordered earth may return.
Same subject and traditionOgdoad of Hermopolis
A company of eight linked to primordial elemental pairs.